In Defense of Chemistry

Recently, a lot has been said on chemistry in the USBC Google Group, and a bit on Bridge Winners. Many smart people suggest with well-reasoned arguments that chemistry is of little concern. Well, I am going to try and lay out the other side of the argument.

First, an analogy. As a handicapper I can tell you with mathematical certainty that home-field advantage matters in all of the major U.S. Sports. In some cases like where a football team plays in a dome that was specifically constructed for them, it is easy to see why home-field advantage matters. Yet, even in sports where the home field is consistently the same, every team still plays significantly better at home than on the road. Why? Is it being at home instead of in a hotel? The lighting? The crowd? If a team is unused to the arena, maybe. Long travel, perhaps. But let's take an example like the Yankees and the Red Sox. They play about 20 times a year, so they are familiar with the enemy field. They are also geographically close together so long travel is not an issue either. Yet each team still performs significantly better at home.

Surely the crowd must be part of it. Again, why? When the hitter and the pitcher are facing each other, why should 40,000 people rooting one way or the other matter? I say it is because we are human beings, and even professionals (the best at what they do) are affected by such things.

As far as bridge goes, the reasons why chemistry matters are more tangible.  The expert community is small and can be "catty". There is a lot of money at stake as well as pride: we have all invested enormous time to bridge.  When things go wrong, as they do for all of us, some teammates are supportive, while others are concerned with how they come off to the sponsors or to other experts. This can and does affect the way people play at the table.  It is more defensible to take a "safe" approach rather than something off the trail, even if it means doing something you might perceive as inferior.  Sometimes it might not even be a conscious choice.

These tendencies get exacerbated when playing with people who second-guess and are looking for ways to look good rather than just wanting to win. The bridge world has seen many great pairs whose success at teams never matches their success at pairs.  Perhaps they don't get the most out of their teammates, or perhaps, the reason is chemistry.  Conversely, we have pairs whose results are far better than their expertise might lead one to expect. Perhaps this is also because of chemistry, both within the partnership and within the team.

I believe personal chemistry and team chemistry matter. There are always questions of sit-outs and respect, and some people perform better with turmoil while others do not. Sure, poor teammates affect some pairs more than others, but we are all human and we are all affected by such things. It is just a matter of degree. Sometimes teammates mesh and sometimes they don't -- and that's chemistry.

Brad Moss
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Comments (16)
John Lowell
John Lowell
Jan. 20
Brad, interesting that you talk about the home-field advantage. Without spoiling it, consider reading “Scorecasting” by Moskowitz and Wertheim. It puts an interesting spin on the reason for the mathematical certainty.

On the other hand, on chemistry, I couldn't agree with you more whether it be at the professional level, the lower expert level or the novice level. Some people just want to compare scores; they'll leave the analysis for the bar. Others want to untangle every last trick and see if they can shift the blame for a bad set to someone else.

I feel much better about the former group. I'm sure that everyone on the team is trying to win. We all have our good days and our bad days, our lucky days and our unlucky days. The opposing auction goes 1nt-6nt and you are on lead with a yarborough. At your table, you pick on of the 3 wrong leads. At the other table, your counterpart happens on the right lead. In my opinion, the good teammate laughs it off. But, I have seen plenty of players who would somehow find a way to criticize your choice.

Again, read the book, you'll enjoy it.
Peg Kaplan
Peg Kaplan
Jan. 20
I, too, am a big believer in chemistry - from both personal experience and that of others. An elite player once related stories about playing with different clients. With one, everyone likes the guy so much and has so much fun on his team, they all pull even a little harder than normal. With the other? He's a jerk. So - even if you lose, the loss is tempered by the fact that the jerk is losing also.

There's also plain old chemistry among people. And yes; it happens when you play on a team with them and how you're able to pull together. I'm sure that randomly putting 3 top pairs together on a team would yield a good team. Still - I also believe that 3 excellent pairs with matching chemistry would be better.

Good write up!
Hi Brad, Thanks for writing this…it's an important topic. I agree with you wholeheartedly. To me the main point is that it's an unconcious effect on a player when there's some kind of negativity on the team. As you suggest, we're not robots. Maybe some are tough enough to be unaffected, but I think that's a rarity.

A while back Mike Becker, who was aware that I tend to be both conservative and instinctive, gave me a lifetime lesson. He told me that no matter what, always “play your own game”. From my experience, this was the best advice I ever got. I invariably have trouble when I go outside of my comfort zone.

Now imagine if I had a teammate who just happens to keep “noticing” that we're losing points because of my lack of aggression. As much as I might steel myself in the next session to “play my own game”, at some point, that teammate's voice will be gnawing at me…and I'll likely do something silly.

To play bridge well one needs to be calm and focused. That's so much harder to do when negative thoughts intrude, no matter how slight they might be.

Randy Breuer
Randy Breuer
Jan. 20
l agree with Brad especialy if u are traveling.
The best player in our area and could be a top player anywhere has very limited social skills, no one wants him on a team.

l do wonder though Brad when you are playing is your mind set what are they doing other table?
Do you try to keep track where u are in a match after each hand?
when u have a 6 person team who decides who plays when? l mean do u have a different plan if after 3/4 u are down 30 or up 30?
l apologise sort of off topic but same time may give us more insight why the 6 need to get along.
thanks
Brad Moss
Brad Moss
Jan. 20
randy,

1) imo you must always be thinking how the match stands while you are playing, though i also think people tend to over do it. i have been lucky enough to have great teammates, and unless the situation is really really dire, the best swing move tends to be just assuming they are doing really well.
2)i greatly prefer to have set rotation that only changes when a pair needs out because of things like fatigue or illness. imo it helps to know beforehand. most dont agree with that, and it usually works by committee or the captain will decide. to me up 30/ down 30 wouldnt be nearly enough to effect lineup.
3)lastly i dont think player NEED to get along, though it is preferable if they do. i think that most of us will thrive in that environment. however, some pairs/players also thrive just as well with tumult or hostility. it is those people will will matchup best with the players/pairs that are most difficult. i think the effect is not often visable to the naked eye. but by the end of a tourny we are tired and the game is very hard; even small differences in comfort can have an impact. also dont underestimate the effect of money/pride.
Randy Breuer
Randy Breuer
Jan. 20
last question do u perfer to know other teams line up and match up against players u have success against or play better against certain systems?
and in major events who reveals line up 1st, l mean can u wait see where other teams sit before deciding where u will sit against them ?
Josh Sher
Josh Sher
Jan. 20
Hey Brad,

I was wondering how much effect you think Chemistry matters. Say we have a team consisting of say the 4'th, 6'th, and 20'th best pairs who are good friends and have played successfully as a team together for years. We then find the 1'st, 2nd. and 3rd best pairs, who have not ever played together as a team. The two teams play a long match with a lot of money on the line. Who do you think will win?

Josh

Brad Moss
Brad Moss
Jan. 20
john: you and others have mentioned scorecasting (and freakenomics); thanks i was looking for something new to read

randy: while some players care a lot about matchups, i tend to care little. but every once in a while… either the seeded team opts for 1/4 or 2/3 or by alternate picks(depending on the event) it is know who has the seed in all segments before the match starts.

josh: to me you are looking at it too narrowly. people have criticized my argument by saying that some of their best results were on teams that didnt get along at all. ignoring the small sample size problem, that is not contradictory to my argument. as i tried to say, chemistry is funny; some people thrive in tumult. they arent negatively impacted by teammates bad mouthing each other; they wont be afraid to make any bid they think best (even if it looks bizarre), regardless of a second guessing teammate that might cost them significant money. in those situations disharmony could be an advantage or no disadvantage.

but in the main, from an e.v. perspective, most people will do best in more harmonious, supportive environments. teammates really wanting each other to do well(as opposed to making themselves look good). for example, willing to mostly play the other teams best pair when its in the teams best interest, even if your butler wont look as good.

as to your question (finally :)), how much of a difference? well its really tough to quantify, and i think it might matter a lot at times and little at others, but all i can say is that you have some pairs/ teams on paper (some of the very best pairs in the world) that won little to nothing for a decade as a team. yet when some of those players finally found the right match, things changed significantly. i know thats anecdotal at best, but in my experience it is very meaningful.

-brad
I recall watching you play on Bridge Base in what I believe was the final of the Spingold in 2010, and you made a most amazingly ethical play on defense. My recollection is that Fred took an excruciatingly long time to play to an early trick and finally played a low card which appeared to ask for a club lead. My recollection is you played a club back which was about the only lead you could make which would give the declarer his contract. You obviously would not have made that play but for the long huddle. Perhaps my recollection is not quite right but I do remember having enormous respect for what you did even though it cost your team an important board. My guess is that you would have made the same play no matter who your teammates were. I do suspect, however, that your decision was made easier by the fact that you knew your teammates wouldn't cut your throat for what you did. Of course justice and rightousness prevailed in the end and you guys won the tournament.

Allan
Bill James (baseball guy) talked about chemistry a couple of years ago. He said that just because you can't quantify it doesn't mean it doesn't exist and that if you think of chemistry as the stuff that makes teams more or less productive then obviously chemistry is important.

One of the coolest things I ever read on this site was the Levin and Weinstein postmortem on their 7D contract in the Cavendish which they ended up in off the ace of trumps. That's a classic example of what I think of as good partnership chemistry.

In a recent letter to the editor of the NY Times, Ed Donovan describes collaboration as a problem-solving and conflict-resolution technique in which both parties own the issue and seek to fulfill not only their own needs but also those of the other side. That seems like a pretty good place to start to create good chemistry. Winning doesn't hurt of course. And neither does healthy mutual respect.
How important is good chemistry as opposed to just not terrible chemistry? Obviously to the degree it matters, you'd always rather have more good chemistry than less, but I wonder if you get much more bang for the buck going from the worst team chemistry to around average rather than going from average team chemistry to the best.

I can see how if there is a person or pair that you think is unethical you definitely wouldn't want to play on their team. And can see that this could be a problem in a pairs format trial. But I guess my experience at the decidedly non-elite level is that partnership chemistry matters a lot to me, but team chemistry doesn't really. I'd rather get have supportive teammates and get along with everyone and what not, but what effects my play the most is the ability of my teammates. The feeling that if I have a push set at my table we'll probably win makes things so much easier than the times when I know we need to crush the opponents at my table to even have a prayer of winning. But at the levels I play at the difference in ability may be much larger than between the elite teams, so not sure if it is at all the same.
Peg Kaplan
Peg Kaplan
Jan. 21
What Michael mentioned above I find to be a critical factor. If I am playing with teammates who may be highly critical of my type of game, and then I try to change it - often the strengths of my game overall are weakened. Ergo, I find that having teammates that I know are understanding of letting “me be me” is important.

Surely at some point, a lessening of ability will begin to outweigh any levels of chemistry. But if one assumes some high level of competency (surely above mine, with the discussion above!) - then chemistry does play a more than modest role. I think that this discussion arose originally because of weighing whether trials should consist of pairs or teams…. At that level, most of those competing will be of a very high level of ability.
Sartaj Hans
Sartaj Hans
Jan. 21
Agree wholeheartedly, especially with the point made by Mike Kamil about the impact being a layer below conscious thought.

Many important decisions in high level bridge are touch and go.

Negativity undoubtedly interferes with instinct. It can sway the choice between the winning and losing view, both of which are reasonably close on paper.
Allan Simon
Allan Simon
Jan. 22
This a bit off topic:

I haven't read Scorecasting so I don't know what point the author makes. But i have read a study about the phenomenon of home-field advantage in sports.

The authors noted with interest that in certain sports where you would think that home-field advantage is especially crucial because knowledge of the terrain is very helpful (examples: golf and downhill skiing), athletes playing at home do not perform particularly well.

In fact the reason home teams do well seems to be the refereeing! The researchers played a tape with a scene (for example a borderline violent tackle in a soccer game or a close call at home plate in baseball) to a professional referee, and dubbed a crowd reaction or lack of same. The reaction of the crowd influenced referees enough to make a difference in their call (only when it was close of course).

Not sure what that has to do with bridge.

Carol Frank
Carol Frank
Jan. 26
I have a thought about choosing teams that might be of interest to both sides of this camp. The US is lucky enough and large enough to be able to send 2 teams most of the time. My thought is that USA1 could be chosen as an entire team, and USA2 could be the 3 remaining top pairs. This would open up the possibility to more players having a chance at the opportunity to represent the US, and still allow teams to stay intact for initial trials.
Jing Liu
Jing Liu
Jan. 27
completely agree…we have to admit the world is not so perfect. At the table, each pair has its own style and winning model like a formula which sometimes brings win but sometimes not. Whatever in pair or team, chemistry is a key factor in the formula. Basically the team chemistry is based on respect. Respect others' style, model and their decision at the table. When we focus too much on its negativity for example conservative as Mike Kamil mentioned above, actually we have forgotten the other side of a coin. Meanwhile no one can stay concentrated in that case. In my experience, changing the formula will bring more mess. Sharpening my own knife works better than borrowing a sharp one. I tried to change something but finally I found I lost more or even lost myself.

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